Safety and efficacy of silicone tape for indwelling urinary catheter fixation in intensive care patients-A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients are more vulnerable to medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI), whose prevention is a constant challenge and one of the main quality indicators of nursing care. MARSI associated with indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) fixation is a relevant adverse event, mainly because of the constant involuntary traction and high skin vulnerability of the fixation site. Silicone adhesive tape has appreciable qualities for fragile skin among the range of adhesives, leading to the inference that it reduces the risk of MARSI. AIM: To compare silicone adhesive tape for IUC fixation with acrylate tape regarding its safety and efficacy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial blinded to the patients and evaluator. Data were collected from an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary university hospital in Brazil. Patients with IUC and no MARSI at the fixation site were considered eligible. The omega (Ω) fixation technique was used for IUC fixation. A total of 132 participants were enrolled and divided into two research groups: 66 patients in the intervention group (silicone tape) and 66 in the control group (acrylate tape). Outcomes were the incidence of MARSI, patient outcome in the ICU and hospital and partial, total and overall spontaneous detachment of the tapes. RESULTS: The overall incidence of MARSI was 28%, with 21% in the silicone group and 35% in the acrylate group, with no statistically significant difference (p = .121), including the severity of the lesions (p = .902). However, partial (p = .003) and overall (p < .001) detachment of the tapes were more frequent in the silicone group. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone tape is no safer than acrylate tape for IUC fixation and is less adhesively effective. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: There is no evidence to support the extensive use of silicone tape in this context.

Analysis of factors associated with hematopoietic stem-cell retransplantation: a case-control study. / Análise dos fatores associados ao retransplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: estudo caso-controle.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the factors associated with the failure of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Retransplantation (HSCR). METHOD: this study implemented a quantitative approach and was a case-control type which addressed patients undergoing HSCR. To do so, a paired sample of two controls was used for each case (2:1). The case group consisted of the medical records of all patients who underwent HSCR (28) and the control group (56) of those who underwent only one transplant. Three variables guided the pairing: gender, diagnosis and type of transplant. RESULTS: a total of 24 (85.71%) patients in the case group were re-transplanted due to disease relapse and four (14.29%) due to graft failure. There was a statistical difference in the analysis between patients who did not use ursodeoxycholic acid, opioid analgesics and immunosuppressants. The need for HSCR among those who used these medications inappropriately was 16.12, 12.79 and 4.5 times more likely, respectively, than those who used them correctly. CONCLUSION: there was a difference regarding the reasons which led to the retransplantation and the analyzed subjects, and this study concluded that the predictive reason for retransplantation in the studied sample was disease relapse.

HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. METHODS: Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. RESULTS: In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. CONCLUSION: Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.

Analysis of the temporal trend of mortality from sickle cell anemia in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the temporal trend of mortality from sickle cell anemia in Brazil, by region, in the period 1997-2017. METHODS: epidemiological study, with an ecological design, with a temporal trend, carried out with data from the Mortality Information System. For descriptive analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used. In the correlation analysis, the ANOVA test was used, followed by Tukey's post-test. The temporal trend was obtained using the cubic polynomial regression test. RESULTS: 6,813 deaths from sickle cell anemia were registered. Brown individuals (50.87%) were more frequent, with a predominance of males (50.4%), aged between 25 and 34 years and a higher incidence of deaths in the Midwest (0.25/100 thousand inhabitants). The time curve showed an increasing trend of deaths in the country between 1997 and 2015 (R2 = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: sickle cell anemia showed increasing mortality in the 21 years analyzed and alerts health professionals and managers.

Clinical-Epidemiological Characteristics and Mortality in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 1980 at 2018.

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and mortality in patients with sickle-cell anemia (SCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort study with retrospective data, conducted in two reference hospitals for SCA treatment from January 1980 to December 2018, recorded in two reference services. With a 5% significance level, the Chi-Square and Student's t-tests were employed in the inferential statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients with SCA were studied. Diagnosis up to the fifth day of life was made in 10 patients. There were 19 deaths, of which 12 (63.2%) were female, and the average age at death was 27.05 (± 14.78) years. The leading causes of death were septic shock and cardiogenic shock. The use of invasive medical devices was considered a risk factor for death (RR=2.63; 95% CI=1.16-5.96; p=0.018), and monitoring time up to 20 years presented a 31% reduction in the risk of dying (RR=0.31; 95% CI=0.12-0.82; p=0.011) when compared to the monitoring of more than 20 years. CONCLUSION: These findings are to be considered in the treatment of patients with SCA, mainly regarding early diagnosis and access to the treatment immediately afterward, since they are fundamental in improving survival and reducing severe complications.

Impact of sterile gloves on blood-culture contamination rates: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Reducing the blood-culture contamination rate is a constant challenge for health services. This study aimed to analyze whether blood-culture (BC) collection using sterile gloves reduces the contamination rate when compared to the non-sterile gloves, and to compare baseline and intervention periods. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial, performed in an intensive care unit in Brazil and paired in two groups: sterile (BCs obtained with modified sterile technique: only sterile gloves; no fenestrated drape or dedicated sterile collection kit) and clean (clean technique: usual care with non-sterile gloves). Two paired blood samples were obtained from each patient by trained and calibrated nurses. BCs were processed by conventional microbiological methods and the results were issued by blinded microbiologists. RESULTS: There was no difference (P = 1.00) in the contamination rate of BC between the sterile (1%) and clean (1%) groups. However, there was a significant difference (P = 0.05; relative risk: 0.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.70) in the contamination rate between baseline (6.1%; 20/330) and intervention (1%; 2/200). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the aseptic care provided in obtaining samples is more important than the sterile technique itself, and highlights the value of standardizing the practices, qualification and calibration of phlebotomists.

Analysis of the temporal trend of mortality from sickle cell anemia in Brazil / Análisis de la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad por anemia de células falciformes en Brasil / Análise da tendência temporal da mortalidade por anemia falciforme no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the temporal trend of mortality from sickle cell anemia in Brazil, by region, in the period 1997-2017. Methods: epidemiological study, with an ecological design, with a temporal trend, carried out with data from the Mortality Information System. For descriptive analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used. In the correlation analysis, the ANOVA test was used, followed by Tukey's post-test. The temporal trend was obtained using the cubic polynomial regression test. Results: 6,813 deaths from sickle cell anemia were registered. Brown individuals (50.87%) were more frequent, with a predominance of males (50.4%), aged between 25 and 34 years and a higher incidence of deaths in the Midwest (0.25/100 thousand inhabitants). The time curve showed an increasing trend of deaths in the country between 1997 and 2015 (R2 = 0.98). Conclusions: sickle cell anemia showed increasing mortality in the 21 years analyzed and alerts health professionals and managers.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar tendencia temporal de mortalidad por anemia falciforme en Brasil, por regiones, entre 1997 y 2017. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, de delineamento ecológico, de tendencia temporal, realizado con datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad. Utilizado frecuencias absolutas y relativas para análisis descriptivo. Utilizado la prueba ANOVA seguido por la prueba de Tukey en el análisis de correlación. La tendencia temporal fue obtenida mediante la prueba de regresión polinomial cúbico. Resultados: fueron registrados 6.813 óbitos por anemia falciforme. Indivíduos pardos (50,87%) fueron más frecuentes, con predominio del sexo masculino (50,4%), con franja etaria de 25 a 34 años y mayor incidencia de óbitos en Centro-Oeste (0,25/100 mil habitantes). La curva temporal presentó tendencia creciente de óbitos en el país entre 1997 a 2015 (R2 = 0,98). Conclusiones: la anemia falciforme presentó mortalidad creciente en los 21 años analizados y despierta el alerta a profesionales de salud y gestores.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por anemia falciforme no Brasil, por regiões, no período compreendido entre 1997 e 2017. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, de delineamento ecológico, de tendência temporal, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Para análise descritiva, utilizaram-se frequências absolutas e relativas. Na análise de correlação, utilizou-se o teste ANOVA seguido pelo pós-teste de Tukey. A tendência temporal foi obtida mediante o teste de regressão polinomial cúbico. Resultados: foram registrados 6.813 óbitos por anemia falciforme. Indivíduos pardos (50,87%) foram mais frequentes, com predomínio do sexo masculino (50,4%), com faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos e maior incidência de óbitos no Centro-Oeste (0,25/100 mil habitantes). A curva temporal apresentou tendência crescente de óbitos no país entre 1997 a 2015 (R2 = 0,98). Conclusões: a anemia falciforme apresentou mortalidade crescente nos 21 anos analisados e desperta o alerta aos profissionais de saúde e gestores.

HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study / VIH/SIDA y los determinantes sociales de la salud: estudio de serie temporal / HIV/AIDS e os determinantes sociais da saúde: estudo de série temporal

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. Methods: Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. Results: In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. Conclusion: Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal, distribución espacial y relación de los casos de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida con los determinantes sociales de la salud. Métodos: Estudio ecológico, analítico, realizado basado en los casos de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida notificados en un estado de la Región Centro-Oeste brasileña, en el período 2009-2018. Utilizado el análisis descriptivo, regresión polinomial y geoespacialización. Resultados: En diez años, fueron registradas 9.157 notificaciones, con aumento progresivo anual. La tendencia total presentada creciente en ambos los sexos (p<0,001, r2=0,94). El Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal estuvo relacionado al mayor número de casos (municipio de notificación, p=0,01; y municipio de residencia, p=0,02), y la mayor concentración ocurrió en las ciudades-sede de las macrorregionales de salud. Conclusión: Determinantes sociales presentan relación con la tendencia temporal y distribución espacial de los casos y pueden dirigir estrategias de prevención y cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal, a distribuição espacial e a relação dos casos de vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida com os determinantes sociais da saúde. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, analítico, realizado com base nos casos de vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida notificados em um estado da Região Centro-Oeste brasileira, no período 2009-2018. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva, regressão polinomial e geoespacialização. Resultados: Em dez anos, foram registradas 9.157 notificações, com aumento progressivo anual. A tendência total apresentou-se crescente em ambos os sexos (p<0,001, r2=0,94). O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal esteve relacionado ao maior número de casos (município de notificação, p=0,01; e município de residência, p=0,02), e a maior concentração ocorreu nas cidades-sede das macrorregionais de saúde. Conclusão: Determinantes sociais apresentam relação com a tendência temporal e distribuição espacial dos casos e podem direcionar estratégias de prevenção e cuidado.

Análise dos fatores associados ao retransplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: estudo caso-controle / Analysis of factors associated with hematopoietic stem-cell retransplantation: a case-control study / Análisis de factores asociados al Retrasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas: un estudio de caso-control

Resumo Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao insucesso do Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas (TCTH) em pacientes submetidos ao retransplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas (RCTH). Método: estudo quantitativo do tipo caso-controle para avaliar pacientes submetidos ao RCTH. Para tanto, utilizou-se amostra pareada de dois controles para cada caso (2:1). O grupo caso foi constituído pelos prontuários de saúde com todos os pacientes que foram submetidos ao RCTH (28) e o grupo controle (56) incluiu pacientes que receberam apenas um transplante. Três variáveis nortearam o pareamento: sexo, diagnóstico e tipo de transplante. Resultados: vinte e quatro (85,71%) pacientes do grupo caso receberam retransplante devido a recidiva da doença e quatro (14.29%) devido a falha do enxerto. Uma diferença estatística foi encontrada na análise entre os pacientes que não usaram o ácido ursodesoxicólico, analgésicos opioides ou imunossupressores. A necessidade de um RCTH entre aqueles que usaram estes medicamentos de forma inapropriada foi 16,12, 12,79 e 4,5 vezes maior, respectivamente, do que entre os que as usaram corretamente. Conclusão: houve uma diferença relacionada ao motivo que levou ao retransplante e os indivíduos analisados. A conclusão é que a razão preditiva para retransplante nesta amostra foi a recidiva da doença.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the failure of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Retransplantation (HSCR). Method: this study implemented a quantitative approach and was a case-control type which addressed patients undergoing HSCR. To do so, a paired sample of two controls was used for each case (2:1). The case group consisted of the medical records of all patients who underwent HSCR (28) and the control group (56) of those who underwent only one transplant. Three variables guided the pairing: gender, diagnosis and type of transplant. Results: a total of 24 (85.71%) patients in the case group were re-transplanted due to disease relapse and four (14.29%) due to graft failure. There was a statistical difference in the analysis between patients who did not use ursodeoxycholic acid, opioid analgesics and immunosuppressants. The need for HSCR among those who used these medications inappropriately was 16.12, 12.79 and 4.5 times more likely, respectively, than those who used them correctly. Conclusion: there was a difference regarding the reasons which led to the retransplantation and the analyzed subjects, and this study concluded that the predictive reason for retransplantation in the studied sample was disease relapse.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados con el fracaso del Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas (TCMH) en pacientes sometidos al Retrasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas (RCMH). Método: estudio cuantitativo de tipo caso-control que abordó pacientes sometidos al RCMH. Para esto, se utilizó una muestra pareada de dos controles para cada caso (2:1). El grupo caso estuvo formado por los registros médicos de todos los pacientes que fueron sometidos al RCMH (28) y el grupo control (56) por los que fueron sometidos a un solo trasplante. Tres variables guiaron el emparejamiento: género, diagnóstico y tipo de trasplante. Resultados: un total de 24 (85.71%) pacientes en el grupo caso fueron retransplantados debido a la recaída de la enfermedad y 4 (14.29%) por el fracaso del injerto. Hubo una diferencia estadística en el análisis entre los pacientes que no usaron ácido ursodesoxicólico, analgésicos opioides e inmunosupresores. La necesidad de RCMH entre los que usaron estos medicamentos de manera inapropiada se encontraba 16,12 - 12,79 y 4,5 veces más probable, respectivamente, que aquellos que los usaron correctamente. Conclusión: hubo diferencia en cuanto a las razones que llevaron al retrasplante de los sujetos analizados. Este estudio concluyó que la razón predictiva del retrasplante, en la muestra estudiada, fue la recidiva de la enfermedad.

Fatores associados ao óbito por HIV/Aids / Factores asociados al fallecimiento por VIH/Sida / Factors associated with death due to HIV/AIDS

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados ao óbito em pessoas com HIV/Aids. Método Estudo epidemiológico e analítico, realizado a partir das notificações de HIV/Aids do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2009 à 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, análise de sobrevida via método de Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox. Resultados Foram analisadas 8.712 notificações, com taxa de sobrevida de 86% ao longo dos 10 anos. Os fatores associados ao óbito foram:sexo masculino (=1,22; p=0,006), cor da pele parda (=1,30; p=0,012), oito anos ou menos de estudo (=1,57; p=0,000), e possível transmissão sexual mediante relação com mulheres (=2,72; p=0,000) ou com ambos - homens e mulheres (=2,24; p=0,002) e utilização de drogas injetáveis (=2,57; p=0,016). Conclusão Características sociais, culturais e comportamentais podem contribuir para redução da sobrevida das pessoas com HIV/Aids. Esses fatores sinalizam especificidades a serem consideradas no planejamento assistencial e monitoramento dos casos, em especial no que concerne à necessidade de busca ativa, monitoramento contínuo, além de intervenções que envolvam mudanças de comportamento.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los factores asociados al fallecimiento de personas con VIH/Sida. Método Estudio epidemiológico y analítico, realizado a partir de las notificaciones de VIH/Sida en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, en el período de 2009 a 2018. El análisis de los datos se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva, análisis de sobrevida por el método de Kaplan-Meier y de regresión de Cox. Resultados Se analizaron 8.712 notificaciones, con un índice de sobrevida del 86 % a lo largo de los 10 años. Los factores asociados al fallecimiento fueron: sexo masculino (=1,22; p=0,006), color de piel parda (=1,30; p=0,012), ocho años o menos de estudio (=1,57; p=0,000), y posible transmisión sexual mediante relación con mujeres (=2,72; p=0,000) o con ambos, hombres y mujeres (=2,24; p=0,002), y uso de drogas inyectables (=2,57; p=0,016). Conclusión Características sociales, culturales y de comportamiento pueden contribuir para la reducción de la sobrevida de las personas con VIH/Sida. Esos factores señalan especificidades que se deben considerar en la planificación asistencial y en el monitoreo de los casos, en especial en lo que atañe a la necesidad de la búsqueda activa, el monitoreo continuo e intervenciones que incluyan cambios de comportamiento.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with death in people with HIV/AIDS. Method This is an epidemiological and analytical study, carried out from the HIV/AIDS notifications of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2009 to 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression. Results A total of 8,712 notifications were analyzed, with a survival rate of 86% over the 10 years. Factors associated with death were: males (=1.22; p=0.006), brown skin color (=1.30; p=0.012), eight years or less of study (=1.57; p=0.000), and possible sexual transmission through intercourse with women (=2.72; p=0.000) or with both men and women (=2.24; p=0.002) and use of injectable drugs (=2.57; p=0.016). Conclusion Social, cultural and behavioral characteristics may contribute to reduce the survival of people with HIV/AIDS. These factors indicate specificities to be considered in care planning and monitoring of cases, especially with regard to the need for an active search, continuous monitoring, in addition to interventions that involve changes in behavior.

Consumption of sexually explicit media and unprotected anal sex in men who have sex with men. / Consumo de mídias sexualmente explícitas e sexo anal desprotegido em homens que fazem sexo com homens.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bareback sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption on anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a page was created on the Facebook® social network with a link that directed interested parties to a questionnaire. Cisgender men, aged 18 years and over, who had sex with other men in the last 12 months, were included. Data were collected in 2017 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2,248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years and a mean number of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Having multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), preferring movies with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), considering this practice a fetish and realizing it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), having casual partnerships (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and being aware of the partner's negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we found an association between the consumption of bareback SEM and sex without a condom among MSM.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explícita (MSE) de modalidade bareback na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página na rede social Facebook® com um link que direcionava os interessados para um questionário. Foram incluídos homens cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais e que praticaram sexo com outro(s) homem(ns) nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial (uni)bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2.248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE bareback e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH.

Consumo de mídias sexualmente explícitas e sexo anal desprotegido em homens que fazem sexo com homens / Consumption of sexually explicit media and unprotected anal sex in men who have sex with men

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explícita (MSE) de modalidade bareback na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página na rede social Facebook® com um link que direcionava os interessados para um questionário. Foram incluídos homens cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais e que praticaram sexo com outro(s) homem(ns) nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial (uni)bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2.248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE bareback e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bareback sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption on anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a page was created on the Facebook® social network with a link that directed interested parties to a questionnaire. Cisgender men, aged 18 years and over, who had sex with other men in the last 12 months, were included. Data were collected in 2017 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2,248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years and a mean number of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Having multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), preferring movies with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), considering this practice a fetish and realizing it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), having casual partnerships (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and being aware of the partner's negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we found an association between the consumption of bareback SEM and sex without a condom among MSM.

Hospitalização de adultos com Aids em unidade de terapia intensiva: estudo analítico / Hospitalization of adults with Aids in the intensive care unit: an analytical study / Hospitalización de adultos con Sida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: estudio analítico

OBJETIVO: analisar a associação de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas com o desfecho de pacientes com Aids admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, analítico, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado num hospital de ensino com 55 pacientes. Os dados foram obtidos de fontes secundárias referentes aos anos de 2016 a 2018. Foi realizado análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era homem (76,4%), não aderente à terapia antirretroviral (88,6%) e coinfectado (58,2%). A insuficiência respiratória aguda (52,7%) foi a principal causa de admissão. Durante a internação, hemotransfusão (50,9%) foi a medida terapêutica mais comum e infecção (49,1%) a complicação mais recorrente. Citomegalovírus, sífilis, hemodiálise, tosse, dispneia, náuseas, convulsão e tempo de permanência na UTI foram estatisticamente associados (p<0,05) à mortalidade na UTI e/ou hospital. CONCLUSÃO: Há necessidade de aprimorar as políticas de saúde do homem para incrementar a vigilância à saúde daqueles acometidos por Aids.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association of sociodemographic and clinical variables with the outcome of patients with Aids admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHOD: A cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective study with a quantitative approach carried out in a teaching hospital with 55 patients. Data were obtained from secondary sources for the years 2016 to 2018. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Most patients were male (76.4%), non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (88.6%), and were co-infected (58.2%). Acute respiratory failure (52.7%) was the main cause of admission. During hospitalization, blood transfusion (50.9%) was the most common therapeutic measure and infection (49.1%) was the most recurrent complication. Cytomegalovirus, syphilis, hemodialysis, cough, dyspnea, nausea, seizure, and length of stay in the ICU were statistically associated (p<0.05) with mortality in the ICU and/or hospital. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to improve men's health policies to increase the health surveillance of those affected by Aids.

OBJETIVO: analizar la asociación de variables sociodemográficas y clínicas a la evolución de los pacientes con Sida ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). MÉTODO: Estudio transversal, analítico, retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 55 pacientes en un hospital docente. Los datos se obtuvieron de fuentes secundarias relativas a los años 2016 a 2018. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo e ilativo. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los pacientes eran hombres (76,4%), no adherentes a la terapia antirretroviral (88,6%) y coinfectados (58,2%). La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (52,7%) fue la principal causa de ingreso. Durante la hospitalización, la transfusión de sangre (50,9%) fue la medida terapéutica más común y la infección (49,1%) fuela complicación más recurrente. El citomegalovirus, la sífilis, la hemodiálisis, la tos, la disnea, las náuseas, las convulsiones y la estancia en la UCI se asociaron estadísticamente (p<0,05) a la mortalidad en la UCI y/o el hospital. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesario mejorar las políticas de salud de los hombres para aumentar la vigilancia de la salud de las personas que viven con el VIH.

Clinical outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy for prehospital treatment of acute myocardial infarction

Fibrinolytic Therapy (FT) is an important form of treatment for cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), especially in those places where Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is not available, which is the main form of treatment and can be used even in the prehospital care. Aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of the use of FT in prehospital care for treating patients with AMI. This research covered a total of 53 patients and was carried out from march to october 2017, referring to the care provided from january 2015 to december 2016 in two stages, in which the first occurred with the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU) and Walk-in Emergency Care Units (UPA), and the second in the referenced hospital services as gateways to those units. Data were collected from secondary sources. The clinical outcomes of FT considered in the form of absolute and relative frequencies and measures of central tendency were considered. The main signs and symptoms at admission were chest pain (84.62%), sweating (36.54%), dyspnea (26.92%), hypertension (19.23%), nausea (17.31%), malaise (17.31%) and emesis (13.46%). The main characteristic of chest discomfort was chest pain (70.45%). The FT drug administered in all patients was tenecteplase. The median time from symptom-to-door was 180 minutes, while symptom-reperfusion was 300 minutes and door-to-needle 160 minutes. Regarding the outcome, 74.47% had clinical improvement, 19.15% died, 4.25% had refractory AMI and 2.13% had reinfarction. The main characteristic of clinical improvement was the reversal of chest pain (68.57%), characterized as myocardial reperfusion criteria. The present study presented the main outcomes of FT use with improvement of those patients who were treated with it, and shorter times related to chest discomfort and the administration of FT were responsible for increasing the outcomes of clinical improvement and decreasing the outcome of death.

Coping strategies of family members of intensive care unit patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the coping strategies of family members of patients admitted to intensive care units. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study developed with 70 relatives of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. SETTING: An adult intensive care unit at a university hospital in Brazil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coping strategies were identified by the Folkman and Lazarus Inventory of Coping Strategies and statistically compared to the sociodemographic data of family members and patients' clinical data. RESULTS: Coping strategies focused on emotion were the most used, especially those attributed to the escape-avoidance factor. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between women and the use of adaptive strategies focused on the problem; less education and lower income with maladaptive strategies focused on emotion; second-degree relatives and the positive reassessment factor; participants involved in religious activities and the social support factor. Regarding the clinical variables, patients admitted to the intensive care unit for more than seven days showed an association (p < 0.05) with the social support factor. CONCLUSION: Family members used adaptive coping strategies more focused on emotion. Additionally, the lower the educational and economic levels, the greater the use of maladaptive strategies focused on emotion.

Physical violence and verbal abuse against nurses working with risk stratification: characteristics, related factors, and consequences.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the characteristics, related factors, and consequences of physical violence and verbal abuse against nurses working with risk stratification. METHODS: a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 80 nurses who work with risk stratification in emergency services. Data were collected using an adapted instrument and analyzed using (uni)bivariate inferential statistics. RESULTS: companions were the main perpetrators of verbal abuse (86.1%); and patients inflicted physical violence (100%). Professionals with up to five years of experience are 74% less likely to suffer physical violence (p=0.029). Women suffer 5.83 times more verbal abuse than men (p=0.026). Sadness (15.8%) and fear of the aggressor (15.3%) were the main consequences of verbal abuse; and fear of the aggressor (22.2%) and stress (22.2%) were results of physical violence. CONCLUSION: violence is influenced by institutional, professional and client aspects. Therefore, coping with it requires multidimensional strategies.

Vulnerabilidade à sífilis gestacional e congênita: uma análise de 11 anos / Vulnerability to gestational and congenital syphilis: a 11-year analysis / Vulnerabilidad a la sífilis gestacional y congénita: un análisis de 11 años

Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de sífilis gestacional e congênita à luz da vulnerabilidade, no período de 2008 a 2018, no Mato Grosso do Sul. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de caráter analítico e abordagem quantitativa, com base em dados secundários coletados no Sistema de Informações e Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: houve aumento progressivo de sífilis gestacional e congênita ao longo dos 11 anos, com predomínio em populações vulneráveis e associação (p< 0.05) da ocorrência de sífilis congênita com as variáveis "escolaridade", "faixa etária" e "cor da pele". Verificou-se a influência de fatores comportamentais e relacionados aos serviços de saúde, dentre eles o diagnóstico tardio da sífilis e a baixa adesão do tratamento entre estas gestantes e seus parceiros sexuais. Conclusão: a sífilis gestacional e congênita tiveram causas multifatoriais e podem ser combatidas com ações em saúde que considerem os aspectos que potencializam a vulnerabilidade social, individual e programática da população.

Objective: to examine the occurrence of gestational and congenital syphilis in the light of vulnerability in Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2008 to 2018. Method: this retrospective, analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study was based on secondary data collected from Brazil's Notifiable Disease Information System. Results: gestational and congenital syphilis increased steadily over the eleven years, predominantly in vulnerable groups. The occurrence of congenital syphilis was found to associate (p < 0.05) with the variables "education", "age group" and "skin color". Behavioral and health service-related factors ­ among them, late diagnosis of syphilis and poor treatment adherence by pregnant women and their sexual partners ­ were found to influence the association. Conclusion: gestational and congenital syphilis had multifactorial causes and can be combated with health measures that address aspects that heighten this population's social, individual and programmatic vulnerability.

Objetivo: examinar la ocurrencia de sífilis gestacional y congénita a la luz de la vulnerabilidad en Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2008 a 2018. Método: este estudio retrospectivo, analítico, cuantitativo y transversal se basó en datos secundarios recopilados del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables de Brasil. Resultados: la sífilis gestacional y congénita aumentó de manera sostenida durante los once años, predominantemente en grupos vulnerables. Se encontró que la ocurrencia de sífilis congénita se asocia (p < 0.05) con las variables "educación", "grupo de edad" y "color de piel". Se encontró que factores relacionados con el comportamiento y los servicios de salud, entre ellos, el diagnóstico tardío de la sífilis y la mala adherencia al tratamiento por parte de las mujeres embarazadas y sus parejas sexuales, influyen en la asociación. Conclusión: la sífilis gestacional y congénita tuvo causas multifactoriales y se puede combatir con medidas de salud que aborden aspectos que aumentan la vulnerabilidad social, individual y programática de esta población.

CONSUMPTION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MEDIA AND UNPROTECTED ANAL SEX IN MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN / CONSUMO DE MÍDIAS SEXUALMENTE EXPLÍCITAS E SEXO ANAL DESPROTEGIDO EM HOMENS QUE FAZEM SEXO COM HOMENS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sexually explicit media (MSE) consumption of the "bareback" type in the practice of anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a Facebook® page was created, with a link that directed participants to the study questionnaire. Users who identified themselves as cisgendered men, aged 18 or over and who had sex with another man in the 12 months prior to the survey were included. Data were collected in 2017 across Brazil and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. 2248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years. Most were single (69.1%), with casual sexual partner (68.9%) and an average of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Have multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), prefer films with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), judge this practice a fetish and perform it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), have casual partnership (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and awareness of the partner's negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the chances of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we verified an association between the consumption of MSE in the "bareback" modality and the practice of sex without a condom among MSM.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explicita (MSE) do tipo "bareback" na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página no Facebook®, com um link que direcionava os participantes para o questionário do estudo. Foram incluídos os usuários que se identificavam como homem cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais de idade e que praticaram sexo com outro homem nos 12 meses anteriores a pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 em todo o Brasil e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial uni e bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos. A maioria era solteira (69,1%), com parceria sexual casual (68,9%) e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE na modalidade "bareback" e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH.

Broad Diversity of Fungi in Hospital Water.

INTRODUCTION: Some studies have reported the occurrence of microorganisms isolated from water. Considering these microorganisms, fungi are known to occur ubiquitously in the environment, including water, and some are pathogenic and may cause health problems, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The aim of this study was to identify fungi in hospital water samples and to correlate their presence with the concentration of free residual chlorine. METHODS: Water samples (100 mL) were collected from taps (n = 74) and water purifiers (n = 14) in different locations in a university hospital. Samples were filtered through a nitrocellulose membrane and placed on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated for 24 hours at 30°C. Fungi were identified according to established methods based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics (filamentous) and physiological tests (yeasts). Free chlorine residual content was measured at the time of sample collection. RESULTS: Seventy species of fungi were identified in the water samples and about 56% of the water samples contained culturable fungi. Cladosporium oxysporum, Penicillium spinulosum, and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most common filamentous fungi. Aureobasidium pullulans and Candida parapsilosis were the most common yeasts. Chemical analyses revealed that free residual chlorine was present in 81.8% of the samples within recommended concentrations. Among samples from water purifiers, 92.9% showed low levels of free residual chlorine (<0.2 mg/L). There was no significant association between chlorine concentrations (either within or outside the recommended range) and the presence of filamentous fungi and yeasts. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that hospital water can be a reservoir for fungi, some of which are potentially harmful to immunocompromised patients. Free residual chlorine was ineffective in some samples.

Effectiveness of clinical surface cleaning and disinfection: evaluation methods.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the methods employed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface cleaning and disinfection (C&D). METHOD: This is a theoretical reflection based on scientific studies and the experience of the authors. Knowledge and current gaps, the need for further studies, and practical application of the methods were approached. RESULTS: There are four main methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface C&D: visual inspection, fluorescent markers, microbiological cultures, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. The first two are used to evaluate the process and to predict adherence to protocols by the staff, and the last two are employed to evaluate the results, therefore being the most relevant to assess the risk of infection. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The ideal method was not found, because all of them showed limitations. There is a need for strategies to optimize the precision of these methods.